Ever dreamed of having your own greenhouse? Imagine growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers in abundance no matter the season. With some basic DIY skills and materials, you can build your greenhouse and make that dream a reality!
A greenhouse is perfect for extending your gardening season, growing heat-loving plants, or starting your seedlings. Greenhouses allow you to control the environment so you can grow plants year-round.
In this step-by-step guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know to build your greenhouse. I’ll cover:
Choosing the right greenhouse design and location
Preparing the foundation
Constructing the frame and installing covering
Adding accessories like ventilation, heating, and irrigation
Maximizing the space by growing plants vertically
Ongoing maintenance for your greenhouse
You can construct a customized greenhouse with suitable materials and handy skills for your space and gardening needs. Follow along as we turn this DIY dream into reality!
Choosing a Greenhouse Design
When starting your DIY greenhouse build, the first decision is to choose the right greenhouse shape and style. The most common designs are lean-to, even-span, and unequal-span greenhouses.
Lean-To Greenhouses
This essential style is designed to sit against an existing building. The leaning side acts as one wall of the structure. Lean-to greenhouses are simple to build and offer good ventilation. However, the slanted roof reduces potential growing space. Lean-tos work best for smaller-scale growing.
Even-Span Greenhouses
Even-span greenhouses have vertical walls and roofs. The symmetrical shape makes construction fairly straightforward. Even-span greenhouses maximize the usable interior space compared to lean-tos. This style requires more materials and effort but offers the most growing room.
Unequal Span Greenhouses
As the name implies, unequal-span greenhouses have different dimensions for each side. This asymmetrical style is a hybrid between lean-to and even-span. One side slopes against a building, while the other has a vertical wall. This design is a good compromise if you want angled exposure but more space than a classic lean-to shape.
Consider your climate, location, and space constraints when picking a greenhouse shape. A compact lean-to is fine for a small or shaded plot. Even-span works best for an expansive growing room and ample sunlight exposure. Consider wind, rain, and snow load when orienting your greenhouse.
The most important thing is to choose a practical design suited to your specific needs and conditions. Intelligent planning allows you to customize the perfect greenhouse for your DIY project.
Selecting a Greenhouse Location
Choosing the right location is key to creating an optimal growing environment in your DIY greenhouse. Consider these factors when picking a spot:
Sunlight Exposure
Greenhouses require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. A south-facing location is ideal, as it receives the most light. East-west orientation also works. North-facing sites should be avoided. Track sunlight patterns on your property throughout the day to find the sunniest spot.
Wind and Precipitation
Greenhouses are vulnerable to strong winds, heavy rain, and snow accumulation. Position your greenhouse away from the prevailing wind, anchored securely to the ground. Pick a protected spot in snowy climates where snow won't pile on the roof.
Shade and Obstructions
Nearby trees, buildings, or fencing can cast shadows and block the greenhouse from receiving sufficient sunlight. Survey the sun's path to determine if any landscape elements obstruct light. Pruning overhanging branches or moving the greenhouse can help maximize sun exposure.
Access and Convenience
Pick a spot near your home for ease of access. Having utilities like water and electricity nearby is also convenient. But avoid placing the greenhouse too close to trees with invasive roots or locations prone to poor drainage.
For most homeowners, the backyard is the conspicuous greenhouse location. First, thoroughly assess sunlight availability, exposure, drainage, and other factors. With strategic placement, your greenhouse can thrive in the ideal microclimate.
Preparing the Greenhouse Foundation
A proper foundation is crucial for any greenhouse to maintain structural integrity. Two main options for DIY greenhouse bases are concrete slab or gravel footing.
Concrete Slab
A poured concrete slab makes a sturdy, permanent base. Lay down a 4-6 inch slab, ensuring it's entirely level across the footprint. Use stakes and construction string as guides. The concrete must cure fully before building on top. Slabs are ideal for even-span greenhouses.
Gravel Footing
This flexible foundation uses tamped gravel fill for drainage and stability. Excavate at least 6 inches deep, remove weeds/roots, then fill with gravel to grade. Leave a perimeter lip and stakes to contain the gravel. A gravel footing is better for lean-to designs or greenhouses with future repositioning needs.
For either foundation type, the base must be compacted and smooth. Any depressions will get amplified once the frame is built, making leveling difficult. Watch for low spots to correct before pouring concrete or tamping gravel.
Ideally, the base should be 2-4 inches wider than the planned greenhouse dimensions. This provides an overhang for attaching side panels or siding materials. Proper site preparation also includes framing lumber joints below ground level to prevent rotting.
Pick the foundation option best suited for your DIY greenhouse style. With time to establish a sound, level base, your greenhouse will remain securely anchored for many seasons. The effort in these first steps pays off in durable performance.
Building the Greenhouse Frame
The frame provides the structural support and shape for your DIY greenhouse. Use sturdy, durable materials that can withstand weather elements and last for years.
Wood
Wood is a traditional framing choice for greenhouses. Redwood and cedar are naturally rot-resistant woods ideal for the job. Use 2x4 or 2x6 lumber for corner posts, door framing, and rafters—secure wood joints with galvanized screws and brackets.
PVC
For a low-maintenance option, PVC pipe makes a lightweight but sturdy frame. Look for UV-protected tubing designed specifically for greenhouse construction. PVC assembles neatly and won't corrode. Provide sufficient reinforcement to handle wind and snow loads.
Metal
Though more expensive, steel, aluminum, and iron are strong greenhouse framing choices. Use rust-resistant metals and high-quality fasteners. Metal framing requires precision construction skills. The finished structure will be durable.
A combination of materials can provide the benefits of each—for example, a PVC frame with added wood rafters for strength. Customize materials to your needs and budget.
Follow blueprints closely for frame dimensions, spacing, and angles. Use squaring techniques to ensure corners are 90 degrees. Level and plumb the frame frequently during assembly. Structural integrity starts with the base foundation and high-quality framing. Invest time in this crucial step for a greenhouse that will stand the test of time.
Installing the Greenhouse Covering
The greenhouse covering, or glazing, regulates temperature, humidity, and airflow. Pick a durable material that fits your climate and budget.
Glass Panels
Glass glazing provides classic greenhouse aesthetics. Tempered glass panels come in different sizes and resist breakage. Install wood or aluminum framing around each pane for support. Glass insulation properties are mediocre but excellent for transmitting light.
Plastic Sheeting
Polyethylene plastic sheeting is affordable and easy to install. Stretch and secure the sheets over the frame using battens or wiggle wire. Plastic tears are more readily than other materials but are simple to replace as needed. Not ideal for high winds or heavy snow.
Polycarbonate Panels
Polycarbonate panels offer high durability and insulation. The rigid, transparent sheets come in multi-wall or corrugated styles. Use silicone caulk when bolting polycarbonate together to allow expansion/contraction. Polycarbonate withstands weather well but blocks more light than glass.
Fiberglass Panels
Fiberglass offers benefits similar to polycarbonate but transmits more light. The rigid panels are installed easily over the frame. Use rubber gaskets between panels to reduce condensation buildup. Fiberglass holds up better than plastic but scratches over time.
Take time installing greenhouse glazing since it significantly impacts the growing environment. The covering protects your plants and maintains ideal conditions with quality materials and proper sealing.
Adding Greenhouse Accessories
Once the greenhouse structure is complete, include these accessories to enhance functionality:
Ventilation
Proper airflow prevents overheating and condensation buildup. Install ridge vents, exhaust fans, and intake louvers for ventilation. Use thermostatically controlled systems to automate temperature regulation.
Supplemental Heat
Most greenhouses need extra heat beyond sunlight, especially at night and in winter. Electric or gas furnace units work well. Position horizontal pipe heating elements along the floor or underplanting tables.
Cooling Systems
Options like evaporative coolers, shade cloths, and misters help reduce temperatures during hot weather. Passive ventilation from vents and windows also assists.
Water Supply
Having a potable water source inside the greenhouse is essential. Hook up a hose bib or install rainwater collection barrels. Drip irrigation systems easily water crops on a schedule.
Shelving and Benches
Maximize growing space with built-in shelving and benches. Set shelving units along walls, allowing ample walkways in between. Sturdy benches let you set plants on top and hang grow lights underneath.
Electrical Power
Electricity enables climate control systems, lighting, tools, and other accessories. Hire an electrician to handle any wiring you aren't comfortable doing. Install code for safety.
Customize your greenhouse with the features and accessories most useful for your growing needs. The right enhancements take your greenhouse beyond a structure to a fully functioning growing environment.
Growing Plants in Your Greenhouse
A customized greenhouse opens up countless possibilities for plant cultivation year-round. Follow these tips for successful growth:
Choosing Plants
Consider your climate and greenhouse environment when selecting plants. Favor heat-loving vegetables and herbs like tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and basil. Tropical flowers like orchids and hibiscus also thrive. Avoid plants prone to mold and mildew.
Soil and Fertilizer
Use sterile, lightweight potting mixes rather than heavy garden soil. This prevents soil-borne diseases and pests. Test soil pH and amend as needed. Use slow-release fertilizer spikes for consistent nutrition.
Watering and Humidity
Hand watering is easy for small greenhouses. For larger growing, install drip irrigation on timers. Keep humidity around 60% to deter fungal diseases. Grouping plants raises humidity.
Controlling Pests
Check for common greenhouse pests like aphids, mites, and whiteflies. Remove affected plants immediately to prevent spreading. Introduce ladybugs and other beneficial insects as natural pest control.
Maximizing Space
Use vertical growing methods to increase planting area. Hang baskets, wall-mounted shelves, and tall trellises all work great. Prune and train vining crops upward.
Monitor conditions daily and make adjustments to ensure plants thrive. A greenhouse expands possibilities but still requires attentive care and maintenance. With good growing practices, your greenhouse will bear abundant fruit, vegetables, and flowers!
Conclusion
Constructing your greenhouse is a gratifying DIY project that opens up new gardening possibilities. You can build an efficient greenhouse tailored to your space and growing needs with proper planning and preparation.
We covered key steps like selecting an appropriate greenhouse design, preparing a level foundation, and assembling a sturdy, weatherproof frame. Glazing materials like polycarbonate panels or plexiglass help regulate the interior environment. Accessories provide temperature control, lighting, watering, and other functionality.
Growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers in a protected greenhouse allows you to extend seasons and cultivate plants that are not possible outdoors in your climate. With good care and maintenance, your greenhouse will deliver bountiful harvests.
Some final tips:
Choose materials that withstand your climate's wind, rain, and snow loads
Carefully seal the glazing and use caulk/tape at all joints
Add bracing and structural enhancements where needed
Install an appropriate foundation for the location and ground
Use quality wood or steel to construct the frame
Incorporate ventilation, cooling, and heat systems
Leave adequate space for walkways and working inside
With the proper preparation and construction skills, you can have a custom DIY greenhouse that enhances your gardening for years. Turn your greenhouse dreams into reality this season!
